BoardVitals Microbiology Practice Test 2025 – Your All-in-One Comprehensive Guide to Exam Success!

Streptococcus mutans is the primary bacterium associated with the development of dental caries, commonly known as cavities. This organism is a key player in the cariogenic process due to its ability to metabolize sugars and produce lactic acid as a byproduct. The acid produced by Streptococcus mutans contributes to the demineralization of tooth enamel, leading to the initial stages of cavity formation.

Additionally, Streptococcus mutans has an affinity for tooth surfaces and can adhere to the enamel effectively, forming biofilms and contributing to plaque development. Its capability to thrive in acidic environments further supports its role in caries development, as the presence of sugars in the diet promotes its growth and acid production.

While other bacteria like Porphyromonas gingivalis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Actinomyces israelii can be involved in oral health and disease, they play different roles. Porphyromonas gingivalis is more associated with periodontal disease rather than caries. Lactobacillus acidophilus is involved in the later stages of the cariogenic process but is not the primary initiator, and Actinomyces israelii is typically associated with root caries rather than the majority of dental car